Muhammad's childhood to grave:
576 AD: Death of Amina,
Muhammad's (SAW) mother. He was barely 6 years old then, and became an orphan.
His grandfather, `Abdul Muttalib becomes his guardian.
578 AD: Death of his grandfather
`Abdul Muttalib. His uncle Abu Talib becomes his guardian.
582 AD: Travels to Syria where a
Christian monk foretells his Prophethood.
595 AD: At the age of 25,
Muhammad (SAW) marries Khadija (RA), a noble widow and a wealthy woman, 15
years his senior.
602-609 AD
Dissatisfied with the oppression, immorality and
idolatry prevalent in the society, Muhammad (SAW) used to go to a cave called
Hira on the Jabal-an-Noor (mountain of light) a few miles outside Makkah to
meditate.
610 AD
Muhammad's (SAW) call to Prophethood in the Cave
of Hira. The angel Jibra'il (Gabriel) (AS) appears to him and orders him to
read. The first verses "Read, in the name of thy Lord, who
created..." (96:1-5) are revealed.
613 AD
Beginning of public preaching. Beginning of
persecution of Muslims by the powerful leaders of Quraysh. Some Muslims are
murdered (Yasir and his wife Summayah), some burnt and beaten on the scorching
sands (Bilal, etc.) and some beaten and whipped (`Uthman, Khabbab, `Ammar,
etc.). (RA)
615 AD
Emigration of around 70 Muslims to Abyssinia to
escape persecution and to seek refuge under the Christian King Negus.
616 AD
The Prophet's uncle Hamza (RA) and Umar (RA) the
Great convert to Islam, boosting the morale of the Muslims. Seeing the Muslims
gaining strength, the Makkan Quraysh sign an edict to begin an economic social
boycott of the Muslims and their protecting clans. The latter are secluded in a
valley called Shi'b Abi Talib. The Muslims and the protecting clans go through
untold pain and suffering.
619 AD
End of boycott. Deaths of the Prophet's wife,
Khadija (RA) and his Uncle, Abu Talib - his two greatest supporters. The Isra'
and Mi`raj take place - Muhammad's (SAW) night journey to Jerusalem and then to
the Heavens and a meeting with Allah (SWT). Five times prayers (salat) is
ordained by Allah (SWT) for all Muslims
620 AD
Muhammad (SAW) seeks refuge in Taif (south of
Makkah), but is chased away by street urchins throwing stones at him. Six
people from Yathrib (Madina) convert to Islam.
621 AD
The first Pledge of `Aqabah by a group of 12
Madinite Muslims, promising to obey Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Prophet sends
Mus`ab ibn Umayr to Madina to preach Islam.
622 AD
The second Pledge of `Aqabah by a group of 72
Madinite Muslims, promising to stand by him even with their lives if so
required. Mus`ab (RA) report that every household but 4 have converted to
Islam. Madinites invite Prophet to Madina.
622 AD
The HIJRAH, emigration to Madinah by the Prophet
(SAW) and his Makkan followers. Having seen to safe exit of his followers, he
was among the last to leave Makkah. This marks the start of the Islamic
calendar. After his arrival, the Constitution of Madinah is framed, outlining
the rights and duties of the Muslims and the Jews within the Islamic State of
Madina. The Prophet (SAW) is recognized as the ruler, judge and arbiter of the
Islamic State of Madina.
624 AD
The Battle of Badr between 313 ill-equipped
Muslims and 1000 well-equipped Makkan (Quraysh) Kuffar (non believers). The
Muslims are victorious. 13 Muslims are martyred and prominent leaders of
Quraysh are killed (including Abu Jahl, `Utbah, Shaybah and Walid, leaders of
the Quraysh) or captured. Banu Qaynuqa`, one of the Jewish tribes are expelled
from Madina for their breach of the Constitution of Madina and a declaration of
war on Muslims.
625 AD
The Battle of Uhud between 700 Muslims and 3000
Makkan Quraysh. Ends in stalement with 72 Muslims martyred. 300 hypocrites
desert Muslims. The second Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir, expelled from Madina for
their treachery and conspiracies to kill the Prophet (SAW) and rebellion.
627 AD
The Battle of the Ditch (Khandaq). Madina
besieged by 10,000 Makkans and their confederates for a month. A ditch dug by
the Muslims prevents the advance of the enemy. Eventually, after some
skirmishes, supplies running short, dissension arose in the enemy army ranks
and the weather was bad. Seige was lifted. The men of the third Jewish tribe in
Madina - Banu Qurayzah are executed according to a judgment of their own law
for rebellion against the state of Madina. Their women and children are sold
into slavery and move to the oasis of Khyber.
628 AD
The Treaty of Hudaibiyah signed between the
Muslims and Makkans with unfavorable terms towards Muslims. The treaty forced
the Muslims to return to Madina without performing `umra (lesser pilgrimage).
Other terms of the treaty set peace for 10 years between the Quraysh and the
Muslims, and forcing any Qurayshis henceforth who would convert to Islam to be
given into the custody of the Quraysh in Makkah. The Jews of the oasis of
Khyber prepare to invade Madina. The Muslims attack Khyber and conquer it. The
Prophet (SAW) sends emissaries to all neighboring kings and emperors of the
Middle East to accept Islam. Khalid bin Walid and `Amr ibn al-`Aas (RA), two of
the greatest generals of the Quraysh embrace Islam but are unable to come to
Madina because of the Treaty of Hudaybiyah. Also, the Persian Governor of Yemen
accepts Islam.
629 AD
As per the treaty of Hudaybiyah, Muslims go to
perform `umrah (the lesser pilgrimage).
630 AD
Allies of the Makkans violate treaty of
Hudaibiyah by attacking a clan that is allied to the Muslims. In retaliation,
10,000 Muslims march to Makkah and conquer it without shedding any blood. Abu
Sufyan and many other Makkan nobles accept Islam. With the conquest of Makkah,
the tribe of Hawazin feel threatened, and start amassing a force to subjugate
the Muslims. Two months later, 12,000 Muslims face 30,000 Hawazin at Hunayn.
After an initial setback, the Muslims are victorious.
630-2 AD
Deputations of tribes from all over Arabia come
to pay allegiance to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in Madina. All of Arabia becomes
part of the Islamic State.
631 AD
Hajj delegation led by Abu Bakr (RA). By this
time most of the Arabs all over Arabia have accepted Islam.
632 AD
The Farewell Hajj and the Farewell
Address or Last Sermon delivered by the Prophet
(SAW) at `Arafat.
632 AD
The completion of the Qur`an and the Prophet's
(SAW) message.
Death of Muhammad (SAW), the Last Messenger of Allah (SAW), in Madina on the 12th of Rabi` al-Awwal at the age of 63.
Death of Muhammad (SAW), the Last Messenger of Allah (SAW), in Madina on the 12th of Rabi` al-Awwal at the age of 63.
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