Muslim reported from Abu Hurayra (ALLAH be pleased with him), that the Prophet (pbuh) said , “The best of fasts after the month of Ramadan are in the Month of ALLAH, which you call Muharram. And the best of prayer after the obligatory prayer is the night prayer.” [Sahih Muslim, 1163]
The Prophet (pbuh) used to fast this day (Ashura i-e 10th of Muharram) even in Mecca, though he had not yet ordered others to do so, as mentioned in both Bukhari and Muslim. [Sahih Bukhari (2002), Muslim (1125)]
It has been reported in both Bukhari and Muslim from Ibn Abbas (r.a), that, “When the Messenger of ALLAH (pbuh) reached Medina, he found the Jews fasting the Day of `Ashura’, so he asked them, ‘What is this day you are fasting?’ They said, ‘This is a tremendous day. ALLAH saved Musa and his people on this day and drowned Pharaoh and his people. Musa fasted it out of thanks, so we fast it too.’ The Messenger of ALLAH (pbuh) said, ‘And we are more deserving of Musa than you are.’ So he fasted this day, and ordered that it be fasted.”[Sahih Bukhari (2004) and Muslim (1130)]
It has been reported in the Sahih of Imam Muslim, also from Ibn Abbas (r.a) that, “When the Messenger of ALLAH (pbuh) fasted the Day of `Ashura’ and ordered his companions to fast it, they said, ‘O Messenger of ALLAH! This is a day that the Jews and Christians venerate.’ So the Messenger of ALLAH (pbuh) said, ‘When next year comes – if ALLAH wills – we will fast the Ninth [of Muharram with it].’ But the next year did not come before the Messenger of ALLAH (pbuh) passed away.” [Sahih Muslim (1134), Abu Dawud (2445)]
And it is reported in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad (r.a), from Ibn Abbas (r.a) that the Prophet (pbuh) said, “Fast the Day of `Ashura’ and be different from the Jews by fasting a day before it or a day after it.” [Ahmad]
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